Finance & Audit Research Archive Letters

Financial Stability of the Financial Institutions

Dr. Emily Johnson — 2024-03-31

The purpose, activities, and financial stability of the several illegal armed groups operating in Guatemala are investigated in this special report. These so-called "clandestine groups," which have been around for as long as Guatemala's 36-year civil war, are discussed as an unresolved aftereffect of the conflict. It is alleged that the "hidden powers" in Guatemala control underground organizations. Because they are immune to detection and punishment, the individuals and organizations known as "hidden powers" profit from and keep tabs on a wide variety of criminal enterprises. As a result, organized crime, drug trafficking, and corruption flourish while the people and the legal system suffer. Repeated acts of violence undermine Guatemala's democratic institutions and the rule of law.

Extracurricular Start-Up Classes for Students Teach Them How to be Entrepreneurs

John Smith — 2024-03-31

The primary aim of this research endeavor is to enhance comprehension regarding the manner in which college students commence engagement in extracurricular pursuits. This study examines the social and contextual learning encounters of students involved in start-up projects, and explores how this environment impacts the approaches and results of entrepreneurial learning. The study focuses on the design, technique, and approach employed in examining numerous cohorts of students who were involved in the Start-Up extracurricular program. This program was run by three partner universities located in the Greater Copenhagen region. In conjunction with project progress reports, observation notes, and survey data, the data underwent inductive analysis through the utilization of semi-structured interviews with students and project administrators. These interviews were done at various points throughout and after the initiation of the start-up program. To conclude, This study presents a process model of entrepreneurial learning that is both theoretically informed and empirically grounded. The model is then applied to extracurricular startup programs, drawing upon the findings of the research. By engaging in assimilation, comprehension, and co-participation within the social practice of entrepreneurship, students have the opportunity to enhance their knowledge frameworks and cultivate a heightened sense of self-confidence in their capacity to effectively engage in entrepreneurial endeavors. The proposed approach delineates three interrelated components that facilitate the provision of entrepreneurship education to students, hence facilitating the cultivation of two distinct sets of skills: venture creation and entrepreneurship.

Equitable Development and Financial Inclusion: Recent Empirical Research Review

Fiaza Ali — 2024-03-31

A growing corpus of scholarly research indicates that individuals, particularly women and individuals with low incomes, derive significant advantages from accessing appropriate financial services. This study provides an overview of financial inclusion on a worldwide scale, while also examining the existing empirical data on the advantages of utilizing financial products, such as loans, savings accounts, insurance, and payment services, in relation to inclusive growth and economic development. In addition to engaging in a discourse on prospective areas of research, this study also endeavors to tackle some impediments that hinder the advancement of financial inclusion.

Evaluation Of Online Classrooms For Students With Disabilities

Dr. Samantha Williams — 2024-03-31

The Shepherd special needs school in Nottingham, UK use virtual learning environments (VLEs) that have been specifically designed to cater to the educational needs of children with severe learning impairments. This study provides a complete account of the methodology employed in the development of a testing plan for the Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) under investigation. The assessment of the design of three Virtual Learning Environments (VLEs) and the students' utilization of these platforms in accordance with constructivist learning theory was conducted using an evaluation approach. A field research was conducted to observe studentteacher pairs using virtual learning environments (VLEs). The study identified eighteen behavior categories that aligned with five of Jonassen's (1994) seven constructivist principles. The actions of teachers and students were examined in order to substantiate or refute the principles of constructivism. The three virtual learning environments (VLEs) exhibit varying degrees of commitment to constructivist concepts, and suggestions for enhancing their adherence are provided.

Fighting racism in Dutch schools for kids with special needs: how different funding models affect the fight

Dr. Maria van der Linden — 2024-03-31

Over the past few decades, there has been a notable rise in the percentage of students with special educational needs who are receiving their education at specialized schools that are separate from mainstream educational institutions in the Netherlands. In the year 1975, a mere 2.2% of students between the ages of 4 and 11 were registered in specialized educational institutions. However, during the course of the following two decades, this figure experienced a significant increase, nearly doubling to 4.3% from its initial value of 2.2%. Both the educational policies known as "Together to School Again" and the "Backpack" initiative were implemented in 1995 and 2003, respectively. These policies were developed with the aim of impeding more societal transformations. During the period of these limits, there was a variation in the allocation of financial resources for individuals with special needs. In contrast to Backpack, a platform that focused on meeting the specific needs of individual students, Together to School Again directed its efforts towards providing schools with a lump sum of money. Notwithstanding the implementation of these two legislative amendments, a considerable number of students with special needs continue to receive education in segregated classrooms. Financing the education of a child with special needs proved to be a formidable task, even when relying on two separate sources of income, despite the theoretical appeal of a lump sum payment. The case of the Netherlands exemplifies the formidable challenges associated with implementing substantial structural reforms within this particular economic sector.

Effective Management's Effect on Small Businesses' Growth: A Literature Review

Amir Shahzad — 2024-03-31

The purpose of this research is to investigate the influence that management, and more specifically managerial levels and decision-making processes, have on the growth of small enterprises. South Punjab is the region that is being investigated in Pakistan. The lack of a formal organizational framework and the failure to adhere to standard operating procedures are both characteristics of small businesses. Despite this, a diverse range of businesses are experiencing rapid expansion. If these businesses are run by capable management and make decisions that are in their best interests, they will see rapid growth. According to the findings, growth can be significantly accelerated by the utilization of rational decision-making and highly efficient management. The distribution of one percent of the total resources to the independent variable leads to an eighty percent increase in the dependent variable, according to the statistical data.

Factors Affecting the Business Performance of the Companies: Evidence from Pakistan Listed Banks

Sarim Khan — 2024-03-31

The study's goal was to uncover elements that influence the business performance of Vietnam-listed joint stock commercial banks. The study's goal was to determine the impact of macroeconomic and government laws, clientele, funding sources, leadership and promotional methods, and promotional strategies on the business performance of Vietnamese commercial banks listed on the stock exchange. The research study used a descriptive research design as its principal approach, collecting data via questionnaires from a sample of joint stock commercial banks registered in Vietnam. Data was gathered from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was acquired by distributing questionnaires to the institutions' personnel. Their goal was to elicit a wide range of responses from participants, which were then used to answer the study questions. The survey consisted of closed-ended questions, while secondary data sources included institutional annual reports and previous studies. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 21.0) as well as advanced Excel. Reports were compiled using frequency tables for clarity. The research discovered a link between the independent factors of customer, finance source, advertising techniques, and leadership and the dependent variable of business performance. According to the study's findings, clientele and funds had the largest impact on commercial bank performance, followed by promotional techniques. According to the findings, the impact of leadership on the performance of the bank was rather minor. The study suggests that financial sector participants maintain an acceptable clientele and support healthy competition. Scholars, the government, and the private sector should be made aware of the findings in order to help secure the nation's economic stability, as banking is a significant sector.

How Inflation and GDP Growth Affect Pakistani Unemployment

Dr. Sarah Khan — 2024-03-31

A nation's economic development is dependent on its human resource utilisation. But underutilization of human resources is a major problem that hurts emerging nations' economies like Pakistan's. The high unemployment rate in Pakistan is said to be caused by a number of macroeconomic issues. Accordingly, this study set out to examine Pakistan's unemployment trends over the past decade and to ascertain the degree to which macroeconomic variables, such as GDP growth and inflation, negatively or positively affect the country's unemployment rate. Gather information in order to propose policies that will help Pakistan deal with its high unemployment rate.

Employee Innovative Behavior Enhancement: The Moderating Influence of Organizational Tenure

Shakeel Zaman Khan — 2024-03-31

This study aims to determine whether or not the innovative behavior of employees remains constant as their tenure with the organization increases, and if so, how this behavior can be improved. Our proposition posits that the promotion of innovativeness among employees can be facilitated by four key factors: reward fairness, perceived failure tolerance, communication openness, and work discretion. Moreover, we hypothesize that the tenure of personnel with the organization will moderate the impact of predictors. The information was gathered from 381 personnel of the Pakistani telecommunications industry. Two-step structural equation modeling demonstrates that each antecedent positively influences the innovativeness of employees. Additionally, tenure within the organization negatively moderates this effect. It was discovered that employees with shorter tenures with the organization exhibited higher levels of innovation. We advise organizations to foster an environment that promotes fairness, open communication, failure tolerance, and work discretion in order to encourage employees to engage in innovative behavior. Furthermore, in order to maximize the innovative potential of employees with longer tenures within the organization, they should receive specialized refresher training and lucrative incentives.

Development of Financial Inclusion Index: Recent Empirical Research Review

Shah Wali Khan — 2024-03-31